Coumarin analogue 3-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one as a possible antiparkinsonian agent / El análogo de cumarina 3-metil-7H-furo[3,2-g]cromen-7-ona, un posible agente antiparkinsoniano

Abstract Introduction: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors are used in the treatment of this disease concomitantly with levodopa or as monotherapy. Several substituted coumarins have shown activity as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Objective: To evaluate the possible antiparkinsonian effects of the coumarin analogue FCS005 (3-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one) in mouse models, as well as its inhibitory activity towards monoamine oxidases (MAO) and its antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: FCS005 was synthesized and the reversal of hypokinesia was evaluated in the reserpine and levodopa models. Moreover, in the haloperidol model, its anticataleptic effects were evaluated. Additionally, the monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of FCS005 were evaluated using in vitro and ex vivo studies, respectively. Results: FCS005 (100 mg/kg) caused the reversal of hypokinesia in the reserpine and levodopa models. This furocoumarin also presented anti-cataleptic effects at the same dose. Besides, it showed selective inhibitory activity towards the MAO-B isoform and antioxidant activity. Conclusion: These results attribute interesting properties to the compound FCS005. It is important to continue research on this molecule considering that it could be a potential antiparkinsonian agent.

Resumen Introducción. El segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más común es la enfermedad de Parkinson. Los inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa B se emplean en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad en monoterapia o concomitantemente con levodopa. Varios compuestos cumarínicos han mostrado actividad como inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa B. Objetivo. Evaluar los posibles efectos antiparkinsonianos del análogo de la cumarina FCS005 (3-methyl-7H-furo [3,2-g ] chromen-7-one) en modelos de ratones, la actividad inhibitoria frente a las monoamino oxidasas (MAO) y la actividad antioxidante. Materiales y métodos. Se sintetizó la furanocumarina FCS005 y, en los modelos de reserpina y levodopa, se evaluó si producía reversión de la hipocinesia; en el modelo de haloperidol se evaluaron sus efectos anticatalépticos. Además, se evaluó in vitro la actividad inhibidora de MAO y, ex vivo, la actividad antioxidante del compuesto FCS005. Resultados. El compuesto FCS005 en dosis de 100 mg/kg produjo la remisión de la hipocinesia en los modelos de reserpina y de levodopa. Esta furanocumarina presentó efectos anticatalépticos con la misma dosis. Además, mostró tener actividad inhibitoria selectiva sobre la MAO B, así como efectos antioxidantes. Conclusión. Los resultados evidenciaron propiedades interesantes del compuesto FCS005. Es importante continuar investigando esta molécula porque puede ser un potencial agente antiparkinsoniano.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease in Thailand: review of the literature and practical recommendations.

The mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains symptomatic despite the rapid expansion in knowledge of its neurodegenerative process. Therapeutic options, both medical and surgical, have been markedly improved over the past decades, resulting in better motor function, activities of daily living, and quality of life for PD patients. The principle of PD management should be individualized and the selection of treatments should aim to control symptoms as well as to prevent or delay motor complications. In Thailand, various pharmacologic and surgical options are available, including different formulations of levodopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, cathechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor pallidotomy, and lastly deep brain stimulation. The use of dopamine agonists in early PD has a levodopa-sparing effect and reduces the incidence of motor complications. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS), which mimics physiological activation of dopaminergic receptors, has been proposed as a strategy to prevent motor complications. Based on current evidence, practical guidelines in the medical management of different types of motor complications are outlined in the present article according to what are available in Thailand. Surgical interventions should be reserved for patients with intractable motor complications after careful patient selection.

Transtornos relacionados ao estresse: aspectos diagnósticos e opçöes terapêuticas / Stress related disorders: diagnostic features and treatment options

Os transtornos relacionados ao estresse pós-traumático - transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e transtorno agudo de estresse - têm recebido cada vez maior atençäo de clínicos e pesquisadores. Um quadro típico de sintomas surge após um indivíduo ver, estar envolvido, ou apenas ouvir sobre um evento extremamente estressor. As principais características clínicas säo a recordaçäo aflitiva do trauma, um padräo de evitaçäo de estímulos relacionados ao trauma e distanciamento afetivo, e uma constante hiperestimulaçäo autonômica. O tratamento envolve psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental e o uso de psicofármacos

Orientaçöes básicas para os enfermeiros na ministraçäo de psicofármacos / Basic orientations to nurses for psichopharmaco ministration

Com este trabalho os autores querem contribuir para que o enfermeiro tenha mais uma referência norteadora de sua açäo ao sentir o paciente que faz uso de psicofármacos. Säo descritos os grupos farmacológicos e destacadas as consideraçöes sobre o emprego dos mesmos.

Moclobemida no tratamento da fobia social / Moclobemida in the treatment of social phobia

A Fobia Social tem apresentado características que a tornam uma entidade peculiar dentro dos quadros ansiosos. Sua melhora com o tratamento farmacológico com antidepressivos vem se firmado dentro das diversas terapias utilizzadas para combatÛ-la. Baseado em estudos iniciais do uso de IMAO no tratamento da Fobia Social, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com a nova geraçÒo de IMAO com a finalidade de evitar os efeitos colaterais dos IMAOs clássicos e a restriçÒo dietÚtica. Foi usada a moclobemida, um inibidor reversÝvel e especÝfico da monoaminooxidase A. É um estudo aberto, nÒo comparativo, onde sÒo avaliados 20 casos de Fobia Social, de acordo com os critérios da DSM-III-R e CID-10. Os pacientes foram examinados semanalmente por um período de 2 meses e submetidos Ós escalas de ansiedade de HAMILTON, de Fobia Social de LIEBOWITZ e CGI de evoluçÒo, como métodos auxiliares de avaliaçÒo. Nenhum paciente foi submetido concomitantemente a tratamento psicoterápico. SÒo discutidos os resultados, assim como os dados demogrßficos, características clínicas, comorbidade e efeitos colaterais.

Effects of central epinephrine synthesis inhibition on stress-induced prolactin secretion in male rats

1. The present study was designed to examine the role of central epinephrine pathways in the control of stress-induced prolactin secretion in male adulto Wistar rats. 2. Intracerebroventricular adminsitration of two epinephrine synthesis inhibitors, SKF64139 (5 and 10 µg/rat) and LY 134046 (10 and 20 µg/rat), 6 h before the onset of immobilization stress blocked prolactin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Prolactin values before stress were about 4.0 ng/ml and increased to almost 50 ng/ml in the control group. SKF 64139 injection in the higher dose (10 µg/rat) induced a complete blockade of the stress-induced prolactin release, whereas partial blockade was observed after the higher dose (20 µg/rat) of LY 134046. 3.Salbutamol pretreatment (10 µg/rat) completely restored stress-induced prolactin secretion in animals receiving a central injection of both epinephrine synthesis inhibitors under the same conditions as described above. 4. It is suggested that epinephrine pathways in the brain play an important role in the control of prolactin release occuring during immobilization stress

Antidepresivos inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa / Antidepressive agents inhibitors of monoaminooxidase

Se realizó una revisión de la literatura disponible sobre la situación actual de los antidepresivos inhibidores de la monoamino-oxidasa, IMAO. Se buscaba obtener parámetros útiles en el desarrollo de un criterio en el sentido de si tienen o no utilidad actualmente. Después de una breve relación Histórica se entra a discutir el tipo de padecimientos en que los IMAO han resultado tradicionalmente beneficiosos. Se mencionan estudios comparativos y se puntualizan efectos colaterales y reacciones a otras drogas. Se concluye que los IMAO son medicamentos que conservan su indicación en desórdenes severos de ansiedad y fobia así como en aquellos casos en que fracasen otros antidepresivos